Working principle of diesel generator set

從能轉換的角度來分析柴油發電機組的三大部件：

Analyze the three major components of diesel generator set from the perspective of energy conversion:

柴油機：將柴油燃燒產生的熱轉換為機械能，從而帶動發電機轉子轉動。發電機：將柴油機輸出的機械能，通過電磁感應轉換為電能輸出。

Diesel engine: convert the heat generated by diesel combustion into mechanical energy, so as to drive the generator rotor to rotate. Generator: converts the mechanical energy output by the diesel engine into electrical energy output through electromagnetic induction.

控制系統：對發電機輸出的電能進行監測、控制、分配，保證柴油機、發電機的正常運行。

Control system: monitor, control and distribute the electric energy output by the generator to ensure the normal operation of diesel engine and generator.

交流發電機

alternator

1、交流發電機的工作原理

1. Working principle of alternator

交流發電機由電樞線圈(定子)和勵磁線圈(轉子)二部分組成，如果在勵磁線圈中間通過直流電，就會產生一個電磁場，如果勵磁線圈不斷轉動，這個電磁場就形成了一個旋轉磁場，根據電磁感應定律，導體和磁場發生相互切割，就會產生感應電動勢，因此發電機中的旋轉磁場和電樞線圈相互切割，在發電機的電樞線圈就會有感應電動勢產生。

The alternator consists of armature coil (stator) and excitation coil (rotor). If direct current is passed between the excitation coil, an electromagnetic field will be generated. If the excitation coil rotates continuously, the electromagnetic field will form a rotating magnetic field. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the conductor and magnetic field will cut each other and generate induced electromotive force. Therefore, the rotating magnetic field and armature coil in the generator will cut each other, There will be induced electromotive force in the armature coil of the generator.

可見，感應電動勢的大小和磁通成正比，和發電機的轉速成正比。一般都是通過調節發電機的勵磁電流，改變磁通大小，就可以調節發電機的感應電動勢，從而調節發電機的輸出電壓。發電機的A．V．R裝置就是通過自動調節勵磁電流來穩定發電機的輸出電壓。

It can be seen that the induced electromotive force is directly proportional to the magnetic flux and the speed of the generator. Generally, the induced electromotive force of the generator can be adjusted by adjusting the excitation current of the generator and changing the magnetic flux, so as to adjust the output voltage of the generator. The A.V.R device of the generator stabilizes the output voltage of the generator by automatically adjusting the excitation current.

發電機的輸出電壓U=E-IX發電機的輸出頻率f=n/60×p

Output voltage of generator u = e-ix output frequency of generator f = n / 60 × p

2、交流無刷發電機

2. AC brushless generator

現在國外的發電機技術都是生產交流無刷發電機。顧名思義，“無刷”就是這種發電機沒有炭刷和滑環。無刷發電機的結構不同于其它各種有刷的交流同步發電機。它是由主發電機、勵磁發電機及旋轉整流器組成。主發電機的勵磁由勵磁發電機產生的交流，經過旋轉整流器進行三相橋式整流后變成直流，直接輸入主發電機的勵磁繞組(轉子繞組)。使主發電機能夠發電。

At present, foreign generator technology is to produce AC brushless generator. As the name suggests, "brushless" is this kind of generator without carbon brush and slip ring. The structure of brushless generator is different from other kinds of AC synchronous generators with brushes. It is composed of main generator, excitation generator and rotating rectifier. The excitation of the main generator is the AC generated by the excitation generator. After three-phase bridge rectification by the rotating rectifier, it becomes DC and is directly input into the excitation winding (rotor winding) of the main generator. Enable the main generator to generate electricity.

勵磁發電機與一般的交流發電機結構有所不同，其定子為勵磁繞組，轉子為電樞繞組，因而可以將勵磁發電機的電樞繞組、旋轉整流器及主發電機的勵磁繞組(轉子繞組)三者共同安裝在一個公共軸上，這樣就可以改變了傳統的勵磁電流由炭刷和滑環緊密接觸輸入轉子繞組的勵磁方式。進一步提高了發電機運行的可靠性，獲得了比較好的電氣性能。

The structure of the excitation generator is different from that of the general alternator. Its stator is the excitation winding and the rotor is the armature winding. Therefore, the armature winding of the excitation generator, the rotating rectifier and the excitation winding (rotor winding) of the main generator can be installed on a common shaft together, which can change the traditional excitation mode that the excitation current is input into the rotor winding by the close contact of the carbon brush and the slip ring. The reliability of generator operation is further improved and better electrical performance is obtained.

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