天然氣發電（“氣電”）是解決新能源發電隨機性、波動性、間歇性的關鍵調峰調頻電源，也是支撐風光熱電氫綜合能源基地、電力特高壓外送通道建設的主體調節電源，能提供較好的電力輔助服務。本期帶您一探天然氣發電相關知識。

　　Natural gas power generation ("gas electricity") is a key peak shaving and frequency regulation power source that solves the randomness, volatility, and intermittency of new energy generation. It is also the main regulating power source that supports the construction of wind solar thermal hydrogen integrated energy bases and ultra-high voltage power transmission channels, and can provide good power auxiliary services. This issue will take you to explore the knowledge related to natural gas power generation.

　　一、天然氣發電特點

　　1、 Characteristics of natural gas power generation

　　清潔低碳

　　Clean and low-carbon

　　天然氣發電主要生成二氧化碳和水，幾乎沒有硫化物、粉塵等排放，其單位用水量約為燃煤發電的1/3；單位度電發電量氮氧化物、二氧化碳排放量分別約為0.114g和400g，分別相當于煤電的60%和50%。

　　Natural gas power generation mainly generates carbon dioxide and water, with almost no emissions of sulfides, dust, etc. Its unit water consumption is about one-third of that of coal-fired power generation; The nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of electricity generation are approximately 0.114g and 400g, respectively, equivalent to 60% and 50% of coal-fired power generation.

　　調峰靈活

　　Flexible peak shaving

　　氣電機組啟停快，運行靈活，幾乎所有燃氣電廠都具備可調度性，即電網能隨時調用氣電補充電力不足，電廠通常運用聯合循環燃氣輪機、簡單循環燃氣輪機、蒸汽輪機以及內燃機4種技術發揮氣電靈活性，通過調整機組燃料參數，燃氣機組可有效調節電力負荷，聯合循環機組調峰能力達70%-100%，單循環燃氣機組調峰能力達100%。

　　Gas turbine units start and stop quickly, operate flexibly, and almost all gas-fired power plants have dispatchability, which means that the power grid can call on gas and electricity to supplement insufficient power at any time. Power plants usually use four technologies: combined cycle gas turbines, simple cycle gas turbines, steam turbines, and internal combustion engines to exert the flexibility of gas and electricity. By adjusting the fuel parameters of the units, gas turbines can effectively regulate the power load. The peak shaving capacity of combined cycle units can reach 70% -100%, and the peak shaving capacity of single cycle gas turbines can reach 100%.

　　發電率高

　　High power generation rate

　　單循環氣電發電效率為35%-45%，聯合循環發電由于增加了余熱鍋爐，利用了排氣余熱，機組整體發電效率可達50%以上，的H級聯合循環發電效率達60%以上，加上供熱，整體能源效率可達75%以上。

　　The efficiency of single cycle gas-fired power generation is 35% -45%, while combined cycle power generation can achieve an overall power generation efficiency of over 50% by adding a waste heat boiler and utilizing exhaust waste heat. The latest H-class combined cycle power generation has an efficiency of over 60%, and with heating, the overall energy efficiency can reach over 75%.

　　建設期短

　　Short construction period

　　常規電源中，氣電建設周期最短，其中單循環氣電工期為10-12個月，聯合循環氣電為16-20個月，比煤電更適合作為應對負荷增長和其他電源建設不確定性的儲備電源。

　　Among conventional power sources, gas-fired power has the shortest construction period, with a single cycle gas-fired power period of 10-12 months and a combined cycle gas-fired power period of 16-20 months. It is more suitable as a reserve power source to cope with load growth and other uncertainties in power source construction than coal-fired power.

　　波動性大

　　High volatility

　　與其他天然氣消費場景相比，氣電項目用氣呈現“冬夏雙峰”的特性，這是由于夏季存在用電高峰，而冬季枯水期水電和新能源發電量有所減少，導致電量缺口較大。近兩年的數據顯示，全國發電月度用氣量增速在-30%至50%之間大幅波動，對天然氣氣源調度和管網安全運行均造成一定的困難。

　　Compared with other natural gas consumption scenarios, the gas consumption of gas power projects presents a "winter summer double peak" characteristic, which is due to the peak electricity consumption in summer and the decrease in hydropower and new energy generation during the dry season in winter, resulting in a large electricity gap. Data from the past two years shows that the monthly gas consumption growth rate for power generation in China has fluctuated significantly between -30% and 50%, posing certain difficulties for natural gas source scheduling and safe operation of pipeline networks.

　　二、天然氣發電的資源和政策環境

　　2、 Resources and policy environment for natural gas power generation

　　宏觀資源環境

　　Macro resource environment

　　01

　　01

　　在資源供給方面，全球液化天然氣（LNG）產能將在2026年前后進入集中投放高峰期，同時歐洲、日本等地的天然氣消費出現負增長，全球天然氣市場將進入供需相對寬松階段，氣價將在較長時間處于合理低位，有利于國內天然氣發電的市場供應。

　　In terms of resource supply, the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) production capacity will enter a peak period of concentrated deployment around 2026, while natural gas consumption in Europe, Japan and other places will experience negative growth. The global natural gas market will enter a relatively loose supply and demand stage, and gas prices will remain at a reasonable low level for a long time, which is conducive to the market supply of domestic natural gas power generation.

　　全球行業對比

　　Global industry comparison

　　02

　　02

　　在全球范圍內，天然氣發電是歐、美、日等發達國家和地區降碳用能的主要方式，也是除煤電外第二大電力來源。據2023年版《世界能源統計年鑒》，全球天然氣發電占全部電力生產的22.7%，美國氣電在國內電力系統中占比為40%，日本為30.9%，中國氣電裝機容量2023年底僅占總裝機容量的4.3%，發電量僅占總發電量的3.2%。2024年，國內天然氣發電用氣量約670億立方米，全年新增燃氣發電裝機容量約1500萬千瓦。氣電在電力系統中所占比重仍然較小，未來發展空間廣闊。

　　On a global scale, natural gas power generation is the main way for developed countries and regions such as Europe, the United States, and Japan to reduce carbon emissions, and it is also the second largest source of electricity after coal-fired power. According to the 2023 edition of the World Energy Statistical Yearbook, natural gas power generation accounts for 22.7% of global electricity production, with the United States accounting for 40% of its domestic power system and Japan accounting for 30.9%. China's installed capacity of gas power only accounted for 4.3% of its total installed capacity by the end of 2023, and its power generation only accounted for 3.2% of its total power generation. In 2024, the domestic natural gas power generation gas consumption is about 67 billion cubic meters, and the newly installed capacity of gas-fired power generation for the whole year is about 15 million kilowatts. The proportion of gas and electricity in the power system is still relatively small, and the future development space is vast.

　　三、國內天然氣發電簡況

　　3、 Overview of Domestic Natural Gas Power Generation

　　一是天然氣發電裝機容量和發電量保持較高增速，但并未成為主體電源。近10年，天然氣發電裝機容量年均增速約為8%，與全國電力總裝機容量年均增速基本相當，在電力系統中的占比基本保持不變。綜合認為，到2040年前后，隨著煤電機組逐步退役、西北可再生能源大基地的推進及分布式能源的發展，天然氣發電裝機規模將在新型電力系統建設中“穩中有升”。

　　One reason is that the installed capacity and power generation of natural gas power generation have maintained a high growth rate, but have not become the main power source. In the past 10 years, the average annual growth rate of natural gas power generation installed capacity has been about 8%, which is basically equivalent to the average annual growth rate of the total installed capacity of electricity in the country, and its proportion in the power system has remained basically unchanged. Overall, it is believed that by around 2040, with the gradual retirement of coal-fired power units, the promotion of the Northwest Renewable Energy Base, and the development of distributed energy, the installed capacity of natural gas power generation will steadily increase in the construction of new power systems.

　　二是受區域經濟發展程度、城市密集度、電力需求等因素影響，氣電項目集中分布在京津冀、長三角、珠三角等沿海地區。廣東、江蘇、浙江、上海、北京、天津裝機規模長期居前六位，占總規模超70%。南方以調峰機組為主，北方以熱電聯產機組為主。廣東省氣電裝機規模持續增長，占全國總裝機規模的30%以上。總的來看，國內大范圍部署天然氣發電的地區往往有較強烈的環保低碳訴求，且有較高的氣價承受能力。

　　Secondly, due to factors such as regional economic development level, urban density, and electricity demand, gas and electricity projects are concentrated in coastal areas such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin have consistently ranked among the top six in terms of installed capacity, accounting for over 70% of the total scale. The southern region is dominated by peak shaving units, while the northern region is dominated by cogeneration units. The installed capacity of gas and electricity in Guangdong Province continues to grow, accounting for over 30% of the total installed capacity in the country. Overall, regions in China that deploy natural gas power generation on a large scale often have strong demands for environmental protection and low-carbon, and have a high ability to bear gas prices.

　　三是國內氣電執行單一制和兩部制2種并行的電價方式。各地氣電電價水平不一，單一制電價為0.61-0.69元/(kW·h)；兩部制電價中容量電價為28-48元/(kW·月)、電量電價為0.44-0.55元/(kW·h)。由于容量電價基本可補償電廠固定成本，電量電價與變動成本持平或略高，兩部制電價對氣電企業經營形成兜底，自2014年起，上海、浙江、江蘇、河南陸續開始執行兩部制電價。

　　The third is the implementation of two parallel pricing methods for domestic gas and electricity, namely the single system and the two-part system. The level of gas and electricity prices varies in different regions, with a single system electricity price ranging from 0.61 to 0.69 yuan/(kW · h); The capacity electricity price in the two-part electricity pricing system is 28-48 yuan/(kW · month), and the electricity price is 0.44-0.55 yuan/(kW · h). Due to the fact that the capacity electricity price can basically compensate for the fixed costs of power plants, the electricity price and variable costs are equal or slightly higher. The two-part electricity price has formed a bottom line for the operation of gas and electricity enterprises. Since 2014, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Henan have successively implemented the two-part electricity price.

　　四是核心技術開發取得一定進展。2024年2月，中國自主研制的首臺功率最大、技術最高的300兆瓦級F級重型燃氣輪機成功完成總裝下線，實現國內大功率重型燃氣輪機自主設計制造，突破了國外的技術封鎖。此外，我國已經加快了重型燃機國產化進程，明確把H級燃氣輪機在2030年實現自主研發作為專項目標。

　　Fourth, certain progress has been made in the development of core technologies. In February 2024, China's first independently developed 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine with the highest power and technology successfully completed its final assembly and production line, achieving domestic independent design and manufacturing of high-power heavy-duty gas turbines and breaking through foreign technology blockades. In addition, China has accelerated the localization process of high-end heavy-duty gas turbines, with a specific goal of achieving independent research and development of H-class gas turbines by 2030.

　　四、存在的問題

　　4、 Existing issues

　　一是天然氣資源供應保障問題。氣電用來為可再生能源電力調峰，對資源保障要求高。中國天然氣進口依存度已超過40%，調峰儲氣能力僅占天然氣消費量的8.4%。在推行“煤改氣”工程后，全國曾多次出現天然氣供應短缺（即“氣荒”）現象，無形中給天然氣打上了“供應緊張”的標簽，使得國家和地方政府部門以及電力部門在發展氣電時存有顧慮。

　　One is the issue of ensuring the supply of natural gas resources. Gas electricity is used for peak shaving of renewable energy power, which requires high resource security. China's dependence on natural gas imports has exceeded 40%, and its peak shaving and storage capacity only accounts for 8.4% of natural gas consumption. After the implementation of the "coal to gas" project, there have been multiple instances of natural gas supply shortages (known as "gas shortages") across the country, which have invisibly labeled natural gas as "tight supply", causing concerns among national and local government departments as well as the power sector when developing gas and electricity.

　　二是發電成本較高的問題。近年來國內大部分地區的發電用氣價格為2.0-2.5元/立方，氣電成本約為0.55-0.65元/(kW·h)，比煤電、水電、核電等電源高0.1-0.3元/(kW·h)。

　　The second issue is the high cost of power generation. In recent years, the price of gas for power generation in most regions of China has been 2.0-2.5 yuan/cubic meter, and the cost of gas and electricity is about 0.55-0.65 yuan/(kW · h), which is 0.1-0.3 yuan/(kW · h) higher than power sources such as coal-fired power, hydropower, and nuclear power.

　　三是自主技術有待進一步突破的問題。中國H級和J級的重型燃氣輪機及關鍵部件等自主研發存在不足，尚缺少燃氣輪機燃燒室、高溫透平葉片等關鍵部件自主設計和制造能力，機組檢修維護、改造升級等都依賴國外原廠商，相關費用高昂，耗時多，整體效率低下，進一步降低了氣電的市場競爭力。

　　The third issue is the need for further breakthroughs in independent technology. There are deficiencies in the independent research and development of heavy-duty gas turbines and key components in China's H-class and J-class, and there is still a lack of independent design and manufacturing capabilities for key components such as gas turbine combustion chambers and high-temperature turbine blades. The maintenance, renovation, and upgrading of the units rely on foreign original manufacturers, resulting in high costs, time-consuming processes, and overall low efficiency, further reducing the market competitiveness of gas and electricity.

　　與傳統煤電相比，氣電具有清潔低碳、可調節、易啟停、穩定等特點。盡管當下受到資源稟賦、經濟性等因素制約，氣電在中國的發展相對遲緩，然而在能源轉型以及電力系統重塑的大背景下，作為技術成熟、應用廣泛且啟停靈活的支撐性電源，氣電必將在未來一定時期內扮演著能源轉型的“橋梁”角色，也是經濟發達地區提供電力電量支撐、保障電力供應安全平穩的現實抉擇。

　　Compared with traditional coal-fired power, gas-fired power has the characteristics of being clean, low-carbon, adjustable, easy to start and stop, stable and efficient. Despite being constrained by factors such as resource endowment and economic viability, the development of gas-fired power in China has been relatively slow. However, in the context of energy transformation and power system reshaping, as a technically mature, widely used, and flexible power source for start-up and shutdown, gas-fired power will play a "bridge" role in energy transformation in the near future. It is also a realistic choice for economically developed regions to provide power generation support and ensure safe and stable power supply.

　　本文由 天然氣發電機組  友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://www.50gaoxiao.com/   真誠的態度.為您提供為的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

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